Mannitol (Osmitrol)
Dosage form:
Injectable solution 15% (150 mg/mL)
Pharmacological group:
Osmotic diuretic
Therapeutic use:
Reduction of intracranial pressure; acute glaucoma; oliguric renal failure
Dosage:
Dogs:
1) Elevated intracranial pressure: 0.25–2 g/kg intravenously over 20–30 minutes.
2) Acute glaucoma: 1–2 g/kg intravenously over 30 minutes.
3) Oliguric renal failure: 0.25–0.5 g/kg intravenously over 5–10 minutes.
2) Acute glaucoma: 1–2 g/kg intravenously over 30 minutes.
3) Oliguric renal failure: 0.25–0.5 g/kg intravenously over 5–10 minutes.
Cats:
1) Elevated intracranial pressure: 0.25–2 g/kg intravenously over 20–30 minutes.
2) Acute glaucoma: 1–2 g/kg intravenously over 30 minutes.
3) Oliguric renal failure: 0.25–0.5 g/kg intravenously over 5–10 minutes.
2) Acute glaucoma: 1–2 g/kg intravenously over 30 minutes.
3) Oliguric renal failure: 0.25–0.5 g/kg intravenously over 5–10 minutes.
Marbofloxacin (Marbocyl, Zeniquin)
Dosage form:
Injectable solution 20 mg/mL; tablets 5 mg, 20 mg, 80 mg
Pharmacological group:
Fluoroquinolone antibacterial
Therapeutic use:
Active against Mycoplasma and many Gram-positive bacteria; partially active against Gram-negative. Should be reserved as a second-line antibiotic.
Dosage:
Dogs:
2 mg/kg intravenously, subcutaneously, or orally once every 24 hours
Cats:
2 mg/kg intravenously, subcutaneously, or orally once every 24 hours
Maropitant (Cerenia)
Dosage form:
Injectable solution 10 mg/mL; tablets 16 mg, 24 mg, 60 mg, 160 mg
Pharmacological group:
Antiemetic (NK1 receptor antagonist)
Therapeutic use:
Antiemetic with some visceral analgesia; used in feline idiopathic cystitis; prevention of motion sickness vomiting
Dosage:
Dogs:
1 mg/kg subcutaneously, or 2 mg/kg orally once every 24 hours
Cats:
1 mg/kg subcutaneously, or 2 mg/kg orally once every 24 hours
Masitinib (Masivet, Kinavet)
Dosage form:
Tablets 50 mg, 150 mg
Pharmacological group:
Protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor
Therapeutic use:
Inoperable grade 2 and 3 mast cell tumors
Dosage:
Dogs:
11–14 mg/kg orally once every 24 hours
Medetomidine (Domitor, Sedator)
Dosage form:
Injectable solution 1 mg/mL
Pharmacological group:
Alpha-2 adrenomimetic
Therapeutic use:
Sedation and premedication
Dosage:
Dogs:
Premedication: 5–20 mcg/kg intravenously, subcutaneously, or intramuscularly in combination with analgesics. Use doses closer to the minimum when administering intravenously.
Cats:
Premedication: 5–20 mcg/kg intravenously, subcutaneously, or intramuscularly in combination with analgesics. Use doses closer to the minimum when administering intravenously.
Melatonin (Circadin, Melatonin supplements)
Dosage form:
Tablets 2 mg, 3 mg
Pharmacological group:
Hormone
Therapeutic use:
Used in the treatment of hair cycle–related disorders in dogs, including Alopecia X and seasonal flank alopecia
Dosage:
Dogs:
3–6 mg orally every 8 hours. For very small dogs the dose may be reduced to 1–2 mg per dog.
Ferrets:
0.5 mg orally once every 24 hours
Meloxicam (Metacam, Mobic)
Dosage form:
Oral suspension 0.5 mg/mL and 1.5 mg/mL; injectable solution 10 mg/mL and 20 mg/mL
Pharmacological group:
NSAID
Therapeutic use:
Anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic effects
Dosage:
Dogs:
Starting injectable dose: 0.2 mg/kg; for subsequent treatment: 0.1 mg/kg orally once every 24 hours.
Cats:
Starting dose: 0.1 mg/kg; maintenance: 0.05 mg/kg orally once every 24 hours.
Rabbits:
0.3–0.6 mg/kg subcutaneously or orally once every 24 hours
Rats:
1–2 mg/kg subcutaneously or orally once every 24 hours
Metamizole Sodium (Dipyrone, Novalgin)
Dosage form:
Tablets 500 mg; injectable solution 50% (500 mg/mL)
Pharmacological group:
NSAID / Analgesic
Therapeutic use:
Cases requiring analgesia and temperature reduction
Dosage:
Dogs:
20–50 mg/kg intravenously or intramuscularly every 8–12 hours
Cats:
20–50 mg/kg intravenously or intramuscularly every 8–12 hours
Methimazole (Tapazole, Felimazole)
Dosage form:
Tablets 1.25 mg, 2.5 mg, 5 mg
Pharmacological group:
Antithyroid drug
Therapeutic use:
Hyperthyroidism
Dosage:
Dogs:
2.5–5 mg per dog depending on size, orally every 12 hours
Cats:
2.5 mg per cat orally every 12 hours
Methionine (DL-Methionine)
Dosage form:
Tablets 250 mg
Pharmacological group:
Amino acid
Therapeutic use:
Urine acidification; acetaminophen poisoning
Dosage:
Dogs:
1) Urine acidification: 200 mg per dog up to 1 g per dog orally every 8 hours.
2) Acetaminophen poisoning: 2.5 g per dog orally, then up to 3 more doses at 4-hour intervals.
2) Acetaminophen poisoning: 2.5 g per dog orally, then up to 3 more doses at 4-hour intervals.
Cats:
1) Urine acidification: 200 mg per cat orally every 8 hours.
2) Acetaminophen poisoning: 2.5 g per cat orally, then up to 3 more doses at 4-hour intervals.
2) Acetaminophen poisoning: 2.5 g per cat orally, then up to 3 more doses at 4-hour intervals.
Methylprednisolone (Medrol, Depo-Medrol)
Dosage form:
Tablets 4 mg, 16 mg, 32 mg
Pharmacological group:
Glucocorticosteroid
Therapeutic use:
Purer form than prednisolone. Anti-inflammatory, antiallergic, gluconeogenic effects. Used in hypoadrenocorticism and as an immunosuppressant.
Dosage:
Dogs:
Dose calculated relative to prednisolone doses: 5 mg prednisolone = 4 mg methylprednisolone
Cats:
Dose calculated relative to prednisolone doses: 5 mg prednisolone = 4 mg methylprednisolone
Metoclopramide (Reglan, Maxolon)
Dosage form:
Tablets 10 mg; injectable solution 5 mg/mL
Pharmacological group:
Antiemetic / GI prokinetic
Therapeutic use:
As an antiemetic; gastric and intestinal atony and hypotonia; reflux esophagitis, etc.
Dosage:
Dogs:
0.25–0.5 mg/kg intravenously, intramuscularly, subcutaneously, or orally every 12 hours, or 0.17–0.33 mg/kg every 8 hours
Cats:
0.25–0.5 mg/kg intravenously, intramuscularly, subcutaneously, or orally every 12 hours, or 0.17–0.33 mg/kg every 8 hours
Ferrets:
0.5–1 mg/kg subcutaneously or orally every 6–12 hours
Rabbits:
0.5–1 mg/kg subcutaneously or orally every 6–12 hours
Cavies:
0.5–1 mg/kg subcutaneously or orally every 6–12 hours
Metronidazole (Flagyl)
Dosage form:
Injectable solution 5 mg/mL for IV use; tablets 250 mg, 500 mg
Pharmacological group:
Nitroimidazole derivative
Therapeutic use:
Antibacterial and antiprotozoal activity. Used in anaerobic infections, giardiasis, and other protozoal infections.
Dosage:
Dogs:
15–25 mg/kg orally every 12 hours, or 10 mg/kg slowly intravenously every 12 hours.
Use higher doses of 25 mg/kg orally every 12 hours for protozoal infections.
Use higher doses of 25 mg/kg orally every 12 hours for protozoal infections.
Cats:
8–10 mg/kg intravenously or orally every 12 hours.
Use higher doses of 25 mg/kg orally every 12 hours for protozoal infections.
Use higher doses of 25 mg/kg orally every 12 hours for protozoal infections.
Mirtazapine (Remeron, Mirataz)
Dosage form:
Tablets 15 mg, 30 mg, 45 mg
Pharmacological group:
Tetracyclic antidepressant
Therapeutic use:
Appetite stimulant in cats and dogs; also used as an antiemetic
Dosage:
Dogs:
1.1–1.3 mg/kg orally once every 24 hours.
If needed, the dose or frequency may be doubled to every 24 hours.
Alternatively: 1/4 of 15 mg tablet for dogs <7 kg; 1/2 of 15 mg for 8–15 kg; 15 mg for 16–30 kg; 30 mg for dogs >30 kg.
If needed, the dose or frequency may be doubled to every 24 hours.
Alternatively: 1/4 of 15 mg tablet for dogs <7 kg; 1/2 of 15 mg for 8–15 kg; 15 mg for 16–30 kg; 30 mg for dogs >30 kg.
Cats:
1.88 mg per cat orally every 48 hours.
Alternatively: 3.75 mg per cat orally every 3 days.
Alternatively: 3.75 mg per cat orally every 3 days.